2) 15世纪开始，从 Yemen 也门传播到世界各地的古老原生豆种 Typica ，以及由Typica 天然突变成的 Bourbon 豆种。
原生树种
1) Heirloom: 古老原生咖啡
Heirloom 咖啡豆，主要是指 Ethiopia 木土古老原生的豆种。
Ethiopia 有无計数种古老原生的咖啡树种，这些古老原生树种大多没有被定名分类，而被笼统称为” Heirloom”.
而可以被称为 Heirloom 品种，有特定的基本标准，其中之一，必须是经历过几代人在同一个地理区域内，由同一家农户或群体农户种植的栽种品种。
由于 Ethiopian Coffee 主要是以种植区域分类，如 Sidamo, Guji 或 Yirgacheffe, 当一些古老原生咖啡树不属于现有的种植区域分类時，就会被定义为”Heirloom"。
2). Typica 铁皮卡
Typica 是从 Yemen 也门传播到世界各地的古老原生豆种。
在Arabica豆种当中，Typica 和 Bourbon 两个树种被列为古老的优良品种。
Typica 以高品质和平衡的口味，清晰的果香和甜味著称。
Typica, also called Criollo (Creole), Indio (Indian), Arábigo (Arabica), Plume Hidalgo, Blue Mountain, and Sumatra.
3) Bourbon 波旁
18世纪时，法国人将 Typica 树种移植到印度洋上的非洲的 Re’union Island，(旧時称为波旁岛 Island Bourbon)。为了适应新环境，被移植的 Typica 品种自然变异为波旁岛品种的变异新品种，因此称之为Bourbon品种。
Quality Potential : 4/5 (very good)
Bourbon 具有豐富的风味和較高的甜度。
Ethiopia 本土古老原生品种
GEISHA, PENAMA
Ethiopian landrace
Quality Potential: 5/5 (Excellent)
Quality Potential: 4/5 (Very Good)
𧗠生树种
从这两种咖啡豆 Typica 和 Bourbon 又衍生出其他的豆种，如Kent、Mocha、Blue Mountain、Caturra和巴西杂交种Mondo Nuevo等等数千种。无法确切估计目前全世界究竟有多少经由自然变异，或人工配种、突变、插枝、混种等等技术改良而延伸出来的新品种，但是，可以确定的是，这些树种都是阿拉比卡豆系所培育出来，前、后期育成的新品种。
Typica 家族的𧗠生树种
Maragogype，Brazil 象豆
因豆体比一般阿拉比卡至少大三倍，是世界之最，因而得名。它是铁皮卡最知名的天然突变种豆。
象豆很适应于700米—800米的低海拔区，但风味乏香可陈，毫无特色，甚至有土腥味。所以宜选海拔1000米以上区域，风味较佳，酸味温和，甜香宜人。
Kona , Hawaii 可纳
虽栽植在几百米的海拔上，但来自于夏威夷大岛的可纳，吹着温和的海风，加上肥沃火山岩土质，拥有着无比干净的酸香和甜感。比起海拔更高的蓝山简直是有过之而无不及。
BlueMountain, Jamaica 蓝山
Typica is still widely planted in Peru, the Dominican Republic, and Jamaica, where it is called Jamaica Blue Mountain.
风靡全球，一颗豆都难求的蓝山! 多半是因为它大多都被皇军承包了，还有一部分原因则是它一旦离开牙买加，就水土不服，状况不佳。经过两百年的驯化，蓝山在牙买加才算是进化成功了，对烂果病的抵抗力优于一般铁皮卡。
Caripe, Venezuela
Caripe was identified in 1956 in Venezuela.
Quality Potential: 4/5 (very good)
HARAR RWANDA
Typica-like genetic background, introduced to Rwanda in 1956.
Quality Potential: 4/5 (very good)
Bourbon 家族的𧗠生树种
SL28, SL24, Kenya :
是20世纪初法国、英国的传教士和研究人员在肯尼亚筛选、培育出来的波旁嫡系，百年来它已适应了肯尼亚高浓度的磷酸土壤，孕育出的肯尼亚豆有特殊的酸香灵气，有别于中南美的波旁豆。但其移植到了亚洲后，却走了味，无法显现他们的特色。
Bourbon Amarello, Brazil 黄波旁
是巴西圣保罗州特有的黄色外皮的波旁变种，一般咖啡果子成熟后会变成红色，但黄波旁成熟后不会变红，呈橘黄色而得名。黄波旁由于在「CoE」（Cup of Excellence）中，几乎囊括了前三名大奖，成为精品咖啡界的当红品种。
Caturra， Brazil 卡杜拉
Natural mutation of the Bourbon variety
Quality Potential : 3/5 (Good)
它是 1915 - 1918 年之间在巴西发现的一个Bourbon 的天然突变品种， 风味和 Bourbon豆不相上下或会稍差。
中南美洲也有变种的黄色卡杜拉，但风评不如 Bourbon Amarello 黄波旁。
它具有明亮的酸度和豐富的口感。
JACKSON 2/1257
A selection of Jackson. Bourbon-like genetic background.
Quality Potential : 3/5 (Good)
Bourbon Mayaguez 139 (BM139)
Bourbon-like genetic background
Quality Potential : 4/5 (very good)
Bourbon Mayaguez 71 (BM71)
Bourbon-like genetic background
Quality Potential :3/5 (Good)
Pacas, El Salvador，Cental America 帕卡斯
帕卡斯产量高，质量佳，在中美洲颇为流行，萨尔瓦多目前有68%属 Bourbon波旁品种，帕卡斯就有29%。
Villa Sarchi (also called La Luisa or Villalobos Bourbon)
A natural mutation of Bourbon
Quality Potential :3/5 (Good)
One of the rust-resistant Timor Hybrid plants, called HDT CIFC 832/2, was crossed with compact Villa Sarchi to create hybrid 361 (H361). The hybrid was dubbed “Sarchimor.”
Typica 和 Bourbon 混配的洐生品种
Mundo Novo, Brazil 新世界
它最早在巴西发现，产量高，抗病能力强。美中不足的就是，它树高可高达3米以上，不易于采收。因杯测质量佳，被誉为巴西咖啡业的新希望。
Catuai，Brazil 卡杜艾
Mundo Novo x Caturra
Quality Potential: 3/5 (Good)
它的整体风味比卡杜拉略单调。
卡杜艾也有红果、黄果之别，红果相比黄果而言更常得奖。
卡杜艾、卡杜拉、新世界、波旁并列为巴西四大主力咖啡品种。
Pacamara, El Salvador，Cental America 帕卡玛拉
是Typica 变种的象豆与Bourbon 变种的帕卡斯的新品种，豆粒大小仅次于象豆。2007年拿下「CoE」双料冠军，更包办了萨尔瓦多的前三名大奖，是萨尔瓦多的后起之秀。
First Generation Hybrid (F1)
“ CATIE” represents Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigacion y Ensenanza.
“T” represents Turrialba, where CATIE is based.
Centroamericano
A first-generation (F1) hybrid originating from a cross between rust-resistant [T5296] and the Ethiopian landrace variety Rume Sudan.
Quality Potential : 4/5 (Good)
CASIOPEA
A first-generation (F1) hybrid originating from a cross between Caturra and an Ethiopian. F1 hybrid varieties are still relatively new in coffee agriculture.
Caturra x Ethiopian wild accession "ET41" (CATIE collection)
Quality Potential : 5/5 (Excellent)
H3
Caturra x Ethiopian landrace accession "E531'' (CATIE collection)
Quality Potential : 4/5 (Very Good)
ESPERANZA
T5296 x Ethiopian Local Variety accession "ET25" (from the CATIE collection)
Quality Potential : 4/5 (Very Good)
EVALUNA
Naryelis (Catimor) x Ethiopian landrace accession "ET06" (CATIE collection)
Quality Potential : 4/5 (Very Good)
与Robusta 混配的品种
Timor Hybrid
It will be called Tim Tim when grown in Latin America.
The only one of its kind on record, the spontaneous mating （自发交配）of a Robusta and an Arabica plant bore Timor Hybrid on the East Asian island of Timor. Since its appearance in the 1940s, it has become the parent plant for many modern man-made hybrids,
Catimor
The marriage of Timor Hybrid with Caturra.
Catimor varieties include:
Costa Rica 95, Timor Hybrid 832/1 x Caturra. Quality Potential : 2/5 (Low)
Catisic: Timor Hybrid 832/1 x Caturra . Quality Potential: 1/5 (very low)
Lempira:
IHCAFE 90: Quality Potential: 1/5 (very low)
Anacafe 14: (Timor Hybrid 832/1 x Caturra) x Pacamara. Quality Potential : 3/5 (good)
Catimor 129, Cat129, Nyika in Malawi: Quality Potential : 3/5 (good)
Batian , Kenya
was released in Kenya in 2010. Quality : Potential : 4/5 ( very good).
Tabi
The marriage of Timor Hybrid with Typica and Bourbon. 独特，果香和花香。
Castillo, Colombia
Beginning in 2008, Colombia incentivized renovation of over three billion coffee trees with the leaf-rust-resistant Castillo variety (which has Caturra parentage).
Some in the specialty coffee sector consider Castillo to be lower quality than other varieties as it shares a genetic heritage with Robusta beans.
CUSCATLECO
Introgressed (Sarchimor related).
Quality Potential: 3/5 (Good)
FRONTON
Timor Hybrid x Caturra
Quality Potential: 3/5 (Good)
IAPAR 59
Quality Potential : 2/5 (Low)
Icatu
Kenya Coffee Beans
Kenyan Coffee Is One Of The World’s Five Best Coffees
With its rich body, high acidity, intense flavor, and delightful aroma, it should be no wonder to be one of the world’s five best coffees.
SHG / SHB Status
Coffee beans from Kenya grow at elevations anywhere from 1,400 to 2,000 meters high. This elevation means Kenyan coffee beans qualify for Strictly High Grown (SHG) / Strictly Hard Bean (SHB) status.
SHG/SHB status is an aspect of coffee grade. It means the coffee beans are grown at high elevations, which allows beans to develop slowly and with more nutrients than lower-grown beans.
Kenyan Coffee Varietals:
Kenyan coffee beans are Arabica beans that come in five different varietals:
- SL 28: The original Kenyan varietal, SL28, came from Ethiopia in the first place, is a medium- to high-elevation coffee bean that requires much less rain than SL34.
- SL 34 :
- K7 : is a newer varietal that doesn’t produce as good of a cup of coffee as the SL28 and SL34 but has the advantage of disease immunity.
- Ruiru 11 : is a newer varietal bean that could be immune against diseases while also producing an excellent cup of coffee.
- Batian : was released in Kenya in 2010 could be immune against diseases while also producing an excellent cup of coffee. Composite variety containing parentage from: SL28, SL34, Rume Sudan, N39, K7, SL4 and the Timor Hybrid.
Kenyan Coffee Grades
Currently, there are 8 Kenyan coffee bean grades:
E : Grade E or Elephant grade coffee beans are the largest grade of Kenyan beans.
PB : PB or Kenya Peaberry beans
AA : Kenya AA beans, for instance, are typically sweeter than. It recommended to buy AA grade coffee beans.
AB, C, TT, T, and MH/ML. : Kenya MH/ML beans, which are low-quality and tend to taste sour.
Grades are given to coffee beans before roasting to determine their size. Bean size is important since beans of the same size roast at the same rates.
